LIFE EXTENSION I Vzrok staranja in s starostjo povezanih bolezni

S staranjem naše celice počasi vstopajo v stanje imenovano senescenca.

Senescentne celice najdemo v vsakem človeškem tkivu. To so celice, ki dosežejo konec svojega naravnega celičnega ciklusa, vendar namesto, da bi odmrle v procesu imenovanem apoptoza, se akumulirajo znotraj tkiv, kjer izločajo encime, ki razgrajujejo zdrave celice. Hkrati izločajo signalne provnetne molekule in povzročajo vnetja, ki so povezana z večino s starostjo povezanih bolezni.

Ko se senescentne celice akumulirajo v našem telesu, poškodujejo celično DNK in mitohondrije in povzročijo disfunkcijo telomer. Izguba strukture telomer pospeši degenerativne procese staranja. Senescentne celice prav tako poškodujejo izvorne matične celice in tako onemogočajo normalnemu tkivu, da bi se obnovilo.

Prisotnost senescentnih celic v možganskem tkivu poveča nevrodegeneracijo in izgubo spomina.

ALI LAHKO TE CELICE ODSTRANIMO?
Raziskovalci z Mayo Klinike so odkrili, da jih lahko!

SENOLITIKI: Glavni anti-aging napredek

Senolitiki selektivno uničijo senescentne celice v tkivih in povzročijo, da vstopijo v proces apoptoze, kar bi se moralo zgoditi po naravni poti.

Senolitiki so najnovejši napredek regenerativne medicine v boju s starostjo povezanih bolezni, saj so njihova tarča senescentne celice - glavni vzrok staranja.

Naravni senolitiki so: kvercetin, fizetin in črni čaj.

Reference

Xu M, Pirtskhalava T, Farr JN, et al. Senolytics improve physical function and increase lifespan in old age. Nat Med. 2018 Aug;24(8):1246-56.
Campisi J, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Cellular senescence: when bad things happen to good cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Sep;8(9):729-40.
Bussian TJ, Aziz A, Meyer CF, et al. Clearance of senescent glial cells prevents tau-dependent pathology and cognitive decline. Nature. 2018 Oct;562(7728):578-82.
Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T. Cellular Senescence: A Translational Perspective. EBioMedicine. 2017 Jul;21:21-8.
Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Aging, Cell Senescence, and Chronic Disease: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. JAMA. 2018 Oct 2;320(13):1319-20.
Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Pirtskhalava T, et al. The Achilles' heel of senescent cells: from transcriptome to senolytic drugs. Aging Cell. 2015 Aug;14(4):644-58.
Abharzanjani F, Afshar M, Hemmati M, et al. Short-term High Dose of Quercetin and Resveratrol Alters Aging Markers in Human Kidney Cells. Int J Prev Med. 2017;8:64.

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Vzrok staranja in s starostjo povezanih bolezni

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